Dust pollution and governance; harmful gas pollution and control

Dust is another type of furniture manufacturer pollution. Dust is a small, particulate solid suspended in a gaseous medium. Gravity can cause the dust to settle, but it remains suspended for some time. Dust sizes range from 1μm to 200μm. In the wood sawing, mirror cutting, planing, grinding and other process operations will produce wood and plastic dust, different cutting properties of dust particles generated by different sizes. Dust of less than 10μm in diameter, due to its small size and small mass, can also carry germs, bacteria and pollutants, can float in the air for a long time and can enter the human respiratory tract and even into the lung tissues, which may damage the lungs organization. Dusts larger than 10 μm in diameter are generally trapped in the mucus in the nasal cavity and respiratory tract and are excluded from the body. However, workers have long been disturbed by the harmful substances in the dust and can suffer from lung diseases such as bronchitis and asthma.

Furniture manufacturers to control dust pollution, according to the characteristics of a variety of dust to develop governance programs. For sawing, sharp, planing and other wood processing generated large and medium-sized dust, cyclone dust are generally used, the use of gas generated in the rotational movement of centrifugal force to clear the gas in the medium and large particles of dust. Grinding the dust generated is relatively small, is the production of furniture in the larger hazards of dust. The current general collection of pneumatic dust collection equipment, and then through the filter material will be separated from the dust-laden air, cotton, wool or man-made fibers and other fabrics used as filter material. Such materials, less investment, but the filtering efficiency is low, short service life, equipment operation energy consumption. At present, the more advanced filter material surface contains PTFE coating, not easy to adhere, self-purification ability, coupled with the anti-blowing device, filter long life. Air curtains may be provided for heavily dusty areas to separate the dusty environment from clean areas, but at a relatively high operating cost.

Harmful gases in the furniture production is mainly wood-based panels, plywood awake and paint coating process and solvent evaporation.

The main source of formaldehyde is formaldehyde resin adhesive. As the aldehyde resin adhesive performance, low prices, commonly used in the production of wood-based panels. Formaldehyde resin in the glue reaction can not be fully full, so that part of the awake in free state. Formaldehyde is volatile, free methanol will be gradually released to the air. Formaldehyde on the performance of people as: allergies, liver function, lung dysfunction, affecting immune function. When the concentration of formaldehyde in the air reaches 0.1mg / m3, there is smell and discomfort. When the formaldehyde concentration reaches 0.5mg / m3, it irritates the eyes, causing tearing; reach 0.6mg / 3, throat discomfort; when greater than 6.5mg / m3 can cause pneumonia, pulmonary edema and other injuries. Long-term exposure to low doses of formaldehyde (0.017mg / m3-0.068mg / m3, nerve, immune system, respiratory system, liver, etc. have some damage now, with the excessive coverage of various media, people have misunderstanding of formaldehyde The dangers of formaldehyde should not reach the point of discord.

Formaldehyde from furniture mainly comes from wood-based panels and adhesives, formaldehyde emissions to reduce volatility, mainly to control the purchase of raw materials. Wood-based panels to choose to meet the relevant quality standards; adhesive to use formaldehyde-free, low formaldehyde. Only strict control of raw materials, to prevent the inflow of raw materials do not meet the requirements, in order to effectively control formaldehyde.

In the furniture design and development of processing technology, but also for a variety of components to take different formaldehyde, control measures. The formaldehyde-formaldehyde-based wood-based panels can be surface-covered, around the Edge and other processes will be closed formaldehyde in the wood-based panel, the lining, the rear plate can be affixed to the closed paper or paint the way to achieve the effect of governance.

The current technological progress in the management of formaldehyde pollution is also rapid, a number of products have been listed. Formaldehyde trapping agent added in the adhesive, it is fully mixed with the adhesive, the adhesive with the free formaldehyde reaction, the formaldehyde into a less toxic Another way is to formaldehyde emission source outside the decorative formaldehyde capture layer, the use of Many organic compounds capture the formaldehyde trapped in formaldehyde. On the furniture surface decorative substrate coated with a capture agent, such as the reverse side coated with 10g / M2 capture agent, so that both parts of the formaldehyde sealed, but also capture the release of formaldehyde from the inner panel, while the indoor Formaldehyde released elsewhere also has a catch.

Recently extracted from natural plants to capture formaldehyde material. From maple leaves, cedar leaves, pine leaves, hinoki leaves can be refined in the oil, the essential oil of formaldehyde capture rate is high. Essential oils can be mixed into the adhesive to use, can also be made with the oil containing aluminate products placed in the air cleaner filter parts or air-conditioned air intake to capture formaldehyde.

Furniture paint finishing process, paint drying film, a large number of harmful gases volatile. Mainly benzene, esters, ketones, harmful substances.

Furniture harmful gases are mainly absorbed through the respiratory tract and skin, when people in the benzene content of 26mg / M2-52mg / M2 environment, three months after the induced aplastic anemia, long-term exposure can cause rashes, skin and mucous membrane bleeding, and even lead to leukemia. Toluene is a fat-soluble substance that can directly enter the brain through the blood-brain barrier. Xylenol is primarily used for anesthesia in the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. Etc., thus reducing the awake release.

A wide range of furniture coatings, finishing processes have their own strengths and weaknesses in the choice of paint as far as possible selection of low toxicity, non-toxic, water-soluble paint, in order to reduce emissions of harmful gases. With the improvement of the overall level of the furniture industry, the finishing shop can step through the mechanical spraying and automatic spraying to seal the spraying area and the drying area where the harmful gas concentration is high, so that the harmful gas can be further processed.

The concentration of harmful gases produced in furniture finishing is relatively low. At present, there are adsorption methods, condensation methods and combustion methods commonly used. However, the cost of recycling is large. It is very difficult to economically and effectively manage the harmful gases in painting. Therefore, the widespread use of diluted emissions method, the coating plant exhaust pipe set to a certain height, relying on the wind to dilute the harmful gases. Furniture factories in residential areas must consider recovery and management.

Furniture manufacturers must effectively control the concentration of harmful gases in the workshop to eliminate and reduce sources of pollution, harmful gases in high concentrations and high volatile gases in a timely manner to exclude harmful gases, outdoor fresh air to dilute the indoor air pollution, the paint shop indoor environment in the "indoor Air Quality Standards "(GB Hall 18883) within the limits of the standard.

With the state's supervision and management of environmental protection intensifying, the public's sense of self-protection and environmental awareness have been enhanced, and the concept of environmental management and environmental protection has been accepted by all. This is the awakening of people from the vengeance on the human environment. For example, people realize the importance of protecting their teeth after tooth filling, tooth extraction and tooth setting. In the production of furniture to continue technological innovation, the use of new technologies, new technology, new materials to improve the entire furniture production process of environmental management, economic and environmental coordination, economic and environmental benefits, and strive to implement IS014000 environmental management system standards, Make furniture into a cleaner production.